What Makes A QR Code Secure? Understanding The Basics Of QR Code Security

Quick response code (QR code) marketing has been increasing in popularity in the 2020s, with over 59% of consumers scanning them at any given time.

Businesses can make their own QR code and place it on their marketing materials, and it makes business easier.

A customer can scan the code with their mobile phone and be sent to the business’s landing page without having to type it into the URL bar. 

However, some businesses are hesitant to use codes, and one reason is safety concerns. This post will look at how to make a secure QR code, how to ensure that customers are scanning the QR code safely, and more. 

How Does A QR Code Even Work?

Before you create QR codes, it’s crucial to understand how they work. A QR code works by encoding data onto a grid of squares, which can then be scanned by a device that can decode its contents.

Usually, the data in a code is a URL or file that the user can immediately access. 

There are two types of QR codes to keep in mind: Static and dynamic. 

What Is A Static QR Code?

A static QR code is a basic code that can only be published once. Once you’re done encoding data on that code, you cannot edit its contents.

So, if your URL changes, you’ll need a new code. A static code also can’t collect any information about who scans it. 

Static codes are great for one-time events or instances when you don’t need to track scanner information. 

What Is A Dynamic QR Code?

Dynamic QR codes are different for two reasons: you can change their contents, and they collect scanner data. 

Depending on the site you generated the code from, you’ll be able to see the number of scans, location, device used, and more. This data can help you improve your marketing efforts.

Dynamic codes are better than static codes in every way. However, depending on the site, you may need to pay for more advanced analytics. 

Why QR Code Security Is Important: QR Code Security Risks To Avoid

These codes are so easy to create and share, but this also makes them ideal for scammers. Some people may create a malicious QR code designed to do the following: 

• Download a virus that can damage or steal information from a mobile device. Often, these are disguised as legitimate-looking file names, but there are signs.
  • For example, the extension is odd, or the file size feels off.

• Direct users to a fake website that impersonates another company. The goal is usually to steal money or user information.

• These malicious codes tend to be found in open spaces, such as train stations or on street signs, where it can be difficult to know who placed them.
  • Meanwhile, codes on community boards in pubs or restaurants are usually more trustworthy.
    • Not all the time, of course, but usually, the restaurant owners vet anything on their board and will remove bad actors quickly.

• Another major security risk is if the QR code contains sensitive information about a company.
  • Even if you originally designed the code to be shared only with employees, anyone can scan and access the sensitive data if the code is out.
    • For example, it’s possible a bad actor could scan a code meant for your employees and access important financial data.

How To Know If It’s A Secure QR Code: Explaining QR Code Security

So, if you’re going to scan a code or if you want to ensure that your QR code is as safe as possible, how can you do so? Let’s explain: 

Secure QR Code Generator Encryption

A generator should have plenty of security features, such as encrypting the link and any scanner data on its website. Usually, the scanner information is available on a dashboard, which you can see once you’ve logged in. 

HTTPS

The QR code source should have a URL that begins with HTTPS instead of HTTP. HTTPS adds an encryption layer between the scanner and the website, and you don’t need knowledge of any advanced security features to use it. 

The Authentication Process

That being said, you should always be vigilant when you scan the QR code. Your phone should preview the link before you click on it, letting you check the QR code source.

Be sure the URL is leading to the correct website and not a phishing site or suspicious web page.

Also, be wary when the destination URL has been shortened and is bit.ly or another suspicious shortened link. 

A Secure QR Code Generator Has Password Protection

Some generators let you add password protection to the code, which adds a second layer of security when you’re sharing codes that may contain sensitive information that you don’t want out.

Alternatively, your landing page may be one where the employee has to enter their username and password to access. Or the code may contain a password-protected PDF. 

Location And Authenticity

Finally, if the code is in the manual, on the box, product packaging, or in another authentic place, then it’s safe to scan.  

How To Increase QR Code Security

By now, you should know that you should avoid scanning QR codes that lead to suspicious websites or links to download malware. But how do you verify the code is safe? Here are some ways. 

QR Code Security Best Practices

• Be sure to verify the QR code generator carefully. Does it have positive reviews? HTTPS and encryption? A little bit of research will save you lots of headaches.

• If a generator lets you add your branding to the code, do so. This will show that your brand endorses the QR code and help it stand out among other codes.

• Avoid placing the code in any areas where it could be swapped, such as public posters. If possible, laminate your menus or use digital signage to display your codes.

• The generator’s analytics are great for reading user data and ensuring that there’s no suspicious spike in activity. For example, if you go from 100 scans to 10,000, there may be something up.

• If the QR code contains sensitive information, password-protect it. You can also send the information through company emails or more secure methods.
  • Sometimes, it’s better to be safe than sorry.

How To Spot A Malicious QR Code

If you see a QR code in the open, how can you know it’s safe? Here’s how to ensure that you’re always scanning the code safely. 

Are QR Codes Safe? Not If They Have the Following: 

• There is no context surrounding the code. There is no CTA, just a printed picture of a QR code. Or the CTA is very vague. If you’re unsure, it’s best not to scan the code.

• The flyer is for a trusted business, but a QR code sticker is likely covering the original, which may indicate tampering.

• The URL preview has a suspicious shortened link. If you’re unsure, some websites allow you to expand the URL to see where it’s directing you. Then, look up more information about the website.

• The website looks legitimate at first but has a typo. For example, instead of Amazon.com, it says Amzaon.com. Many scammers like to impersonate trusted websites, so beware.

• When you open the code, it immediately asks for access control, your personal information, or anything else that raises red flags.
  • For example, a scammer may impersonate your bank and demand that you enter your account information.

What If I Have Scanned A Malicious QR Code?

You scanned a QR code and realized it’s malicious? What to do? Here are some steps: 

• First, if you scanned the QR code and noticed it was malicious by the URL preview, close your camera app. As long as you don’t open the link, you should be fine.

• If you open the link and notice it’s suspicious, exit immediately. If you’re asked to download something, don’t cancel the download.

• Run a virus scan to ensure that no viruses were planted on your phone. If there’s malware, quarantine it immediately.

• To be safe, change your passwords and contact your bank. If your accounts don’t have 2FA, enable it. This way, even if someone has your username and password, they can’t access your account unless they have your phone or email.

• If the code was in a business, be sure to remove it and report it. If it’s in public, tear it down so that no one else scans it.

• Finally, be more vigilant and avoid scanning any suspicious codes.

If you’ve scanned a code, don’t panic. As long as you haven’t downloaded anything suspicious, set permissions to allow access, or entered sensitive account information, you will usually be fine.

That said, always check regularly to ensure your bank information hasn’t been stolen or that your phone is running fine. 

QR codes are a handy tool for both marketers and people wanting to share valuable information. However, beware of bad actors who may use QR codes that direct people to scams or phishing websites. Always research before visiting these sites! 

Common Questions

How Do I Make My QR Code Secure?

If the QR Code generator lets you add a password, do so. Also, use HTTPS links and never share anything too sensitive over a QR code; instead, opt for a more secure method of sharing. 

What is the Difference Between an Insecure and Secure QR Code Generator?

A secure QR code generator will have encryption, an option for password protection, and reliable analytics. Meanwhile, an insecure website will have none of that.

The latter should not be used for sensitive information or for collecting user data. 

What is the Difference Between an Unencrypted and Encrypted QR Code?

An encrypted QR code will have secure URLs or password protection, and vice versa. That said, these codes will look virtually the same. 

Will A QR Code Gather Personal Information from Me?

A dynamic code can collect information, but it’s not too personal. Location scanned, unique devices, device types, etc.

Companies use this data primarily for marketing information, such as knowing the best places for scanning the code. 

Can Someone Hack a QR Code?

A person cannot change the contents of a QR code just by scanning it. However, they can place a malicious sticker over the original QR code.  

Best Practices to Avoid Potential Threats?

Fake QR codes use social engineering techniques by leveraging trust, urgency, fear, or curiosity to manipulate individuals into scanning them.

First, never scan a QR code in a public place without any context. Look at the URL carefully to ensure it’s not misspelled, or look up the link online for extra authentication.

Be sure it’s an encrypted QR code with an HTTPS URL.